Anderson, J. D. (2007). Phonological neighborhood and word frequency effects in the stuttered disfluencies of children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 50(1), 229-247.

Arnold, Hayley S., Edward G. Conture, and Ralph N. Ohde.(2005).  Phonological neighborhood density in the picture naming of young children who stutter: Preliminary study. Journal of Fluency Disorders 30(2): 125-148.

Bernstein-Ratner, N. E. (2005). Is phonetic complexity a useful construct in understanding stutter? Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30,337-341.

  Brown, S.F. , A. Moren. (1942).  The frequency of stuttering in relation to word length during, oral reading,

Gordon, J. K. (2002). Phonological neighborhood effects in aphasic speech    errors: Spontaneous and structured contexts. Brain and language, 82(2), 113-145.

Guitar, B. (2006). Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to its Nature and Treatment. Philadelphia. Lippincott William & Wilkins.

Harley, T. A., & H. E. Bown. (1998). What causes a tip-of-the-tongue state? Evidence for lexicalneighbourhood effects in speech production. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 151–174.

Howell, P., J. Au-Yeung,  & S. Sackin. (2000). Internal structure of content words leading to lifespan differences in phonological difficulty in stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 25(1), 1-20.

Howell, P. et al. (2006). Phonetic difficulty and stuttering in English. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 9, 703-716.

LaSalle, L. R., & L. Wolk. (2011). Stuttering, cluttering, and phonological complexity: Case studies. Journal of fluency disorders, 36(4), 285-289.

Luce, P. A., & D. B. Pisoni. (1998). Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model. Ear and Hearing, 19, 1–36.

    Marshall, C. (2005). The impact of word-end phonology and morphology on stuttering, Stammering Res. 1 , 375–391.

   Melnick, K. S., & E. G. Conture. (2000). Relationship of length and grammatical complexity to the systematic and nonsystematic speech errors and stuttering of children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 25(1), 21-45

   Middleton, E. L., & M.F Schwartz. (2010). Density pervades: An analysis of phonological neighbourhood density effects in aphasic speakers with different types of naming impairment. Cognitive neuropsychology, 27(5), 401-427.

 Newman, R. S., & D.J German. (2002). Effects of lexical factors on lexical access among typical language-learning children and children with word-finding difficulties. Language and speech, 45(3), 285-317.

 Newman, R. S., & D. J. German. (2005). Life span effects of lexical factors on oral naming. Language and Speech, 48(2), 123-156.

 Newman, R. S., & N. B. Ratner. (2007). The role of selected lexical factors on confrontation naming accuracy, speed, and fluency in adults who do and do not stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol.50, 196-213.

   Nippold, M.A. (2018) Language development in children who stutter: A review of recent research. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, pp. 1-9.

 Postma, A., & H. Kolk. (1993). The covert repair hypothesis: Prearticulatory repair processes in normal and stuttered disfluencies. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36(3), 472-487.

 Ratner, N. B., & C. C. Sih. (1987). Effects of gradual increases in sentence length and complexity on children's dysfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52(3), 278-287.

    Tsai, P. T. (2018). Phonological neighborhood effect in spontaneous speech in adults who stutter. Journal of fluency disorders, 58, 86-93.

 Vitevitch,M.S. (1997). The neighborhood characteristics of malapropisms. Language and Speech, 40, 211–228.

 Vitevitch M. S. (2002a). Naturalistic and experimental analyses of word frequency and neighborhood density effects in slips of the ear. Lang. Speech 45:407–34.

Vitevitch,M.S.(2002b).The influence of phonological similarity neighborhoods on speech production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(4), 735.

Vitevitch, M. S., & M. S. Sommers. (2003). The facilitative influence of phonological similarity and neighborhood frequency in speech production in younger and older adults. Memory & cognition, 31(4), 491-504.

Wagovich, S. A., & N. B. Ratner. (2007). Frequency of verb use in young children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 32(2), 79-94.

Ward, D. (2006). Stuttering and cluttering. New York: Psychology Press.

 Yairi, E. (2004). The formative years of stuttering: A changing portrait. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders,31,92–104.